In recent years, the effects of fishing on the marine ecosystem have become an increasing focus of attention. This is due not only to the hunting of the target species but also to the exposure of non-target species to hunting. The complex habitat structure of the seas gives them an advantage in terms of continuing their lives. These complex structures increase the chance of survival of sea creatures. Benthic organisms such as marine plants and corals and sediment forms enrich the habitat structure on the seabed. This affects the quality of life of living creatures. Even small marine structures such as shellfish contribute in this sense. Thus, the seabed becomes a nursery for juvenile fish and a feeding and hiding place for adult fish. In this respect, productivity in terms of fisheries in deficient seas is quite limited compared to other regions.
Fishing affects the marine ecosystem according to the type of fishing gear used, the way of use, place and time. For example, the effects of traps on the ecosystem and the effects and degrees of a moving trawl and drag are not the same. In addition to being an active fishing tool, the use of the bottom trawler, in particular, affects the three-dimensional character of the seabed, changes the habitat and affects the biological creatures living there. There are also direct effects, which cause a significant deterioration in the ecosystem.
Among the indirect effects of trawling and dreck on the marine ecosystem, the deterioration of the food chain, the slowdown in the decomposition rate of organic materials and the nutrient conversion (increase or decrease) between the sediment and water have important places. However, it is quite difficult to easily reveal the effects of trawlers and dreck on habitat degradation. Because of the reduction of these commercial and recreational fish stocks, climate changes and oceanographic changes also cause habitat degradation. These factors make it difficult to assess the extent of the effects of hunting on the marine ecosystem, especially habitat degradation.
The best way to test is experimental work, but in this case, it is difficult to detect control areas, especially in trawlers or drench fishing areas. Because this area should never have been exposed to trawling or dredging shots. In addition, it is difficult to generalize between fishing intensity and frequency, method and equipment, seabed structure, marine productivity and abundance of species with economic value, and diversity of other species.
As a result, it is a fact that fishermen, managers and the scientific community should agree that the data of a region will be difficult to adapt and generalize to other regions.
